Verseux C. Mars and the Earthlings. A Realistic View on Mars Exploration...2025

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Verseux C. Mars and the Earthlings. A Realistic View on Mars Exploration...2025

Textbook in PDF format Offers an objective and well-argued perspective on the topic of future Mars missions Helps inform policy makers and the public discussion Authored by an interdisciplinary panel of world-leading scientist In an era of public Mars fascination, this book offers an objective presentation of the challenges of crewed Mars missions and discusses scenarios of Mars settlements under scientific, technical, social, economic , ethical and political aspects. With the aim to make the reader comprehend what is plausible and what is at stake, the book tries to clarify misconceptions and half-truths spreading rapidly in the public. The authors argue that approximations and misinformation should be countered for two main reasons. First, to avoid missing out on the benefits that Mars exploration may bring, including major scientific discoveries and an inspiring, federative human endeavor. Second, to remediate dangerous delusions – such as the idea that humanity could be transferred there should the Earth become inhabitable in the near term. In preparation for this book a group of European, world-renowned scientists from fields as diverse as astronomy, planetology, geology, biology, philosophy, or economics, as well as astronauts and science-fiction writers, was gathered to discuss Mars missions ranging from near-term robotic missions, all the way to large-scale settlements and even the feasibility of terraforming. For each, they draw arguments from their domains of expertise to discuss what is feasible and what is desirable. The result provides researchers with an objective review of the field, policy makers with a reference to make informed decisions, and the general public with a tool to form educated opinions. Introduction: Seeing Through the Martian Dust / Kirsi Lehto, Muriel Gargaud, Cyprien Verseux, and Michel Viso Mars in Short: Past and Present Geology and Climate / Sandra Siljeström, Sarah Baatout, Jean-Pierre de Vera, et al. Geological History of Mars Mars Geology Today Mars Atmosphere and Climate Mars in Its Cosmic Environment Habitability and Potential for Extant Martian Life Take-Home Message References Robotic Missions to Mars / Carlos Briones, José Antonio Rodríguez-Manfredi, Akos Kereszturi, and Nicolas Mangold Robotic Missions: Technology Drivers Robotic Missions: Scientific Drivers Robotic Missions: Perspectives Take-Home Message References Mars Historical and Ethical Context: Past, Present, and Imagination / Mikko Puumala, Oskari Sivula, Jacques Arnould, et al. Cultural Context and Symbolic Aspects Theological Aspects Anthropological Remarks Political Motivations and Factors for Mars Race Planetary Protection Take-Home Message References Legal and International Context: Law and Disorder / Philippe Clerc, Yéléna Esslinger, Barbara Gonçalves, and Marie-Clotilde Runavot Introduction to Martian Law Responsibilities of Public and Private Stakeholders Sharing Responsibilities and Contributions Between Various Stakeholders Take-Home Message References Perspectives for Crewed Missions to Mars: Exploration from Orbit and/or Short Stay / Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Jean-Pierre de Vera, Akos Kereszturi, et al. Why Go There? What to Do There? Visiting Mars: Current Knowledge and Requirements Physiology, Psychology, and Medicine for Astronauts on a Short-Term Mission Cost of Mars Science Missions Crewed Missions: Ethical, Societal, and Political Aspects Take-Home Message References Mars as a Science Base: Towards a Small Permanent Outpost / Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Jean-Pierre de Vera, Akos Kereszturi, et al. Why Establish a Science Base? What to Do There? Requirements for a Permanent Outpost on Mars: Current Knowledge Years on Mars: Physiology and Psychology Governance of Small Science Bases Cost of Establishing a Mars Base Small Permanent Outpost: Ethical, Societal, and Political Aspects Take-Home Message References Towards Permanent Settlements on Mars (from 1000 to 100,000 People) / Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Philippe Clerc, Akos Kereszturi, et al. Why Settle Permanently on Mars? How to Settle Permanently on Mars Decades on Mars: Living and Surviving Considerations for a Settlement up to 1000 Workers Establishing a Permanent Settlement of 100,000 and More Take-Home Message References Mars as a Planet B? / Francois Forget, Perrine Barthomeuf, Oskari Sivula, et al. Terraforming Mars: Planetary Issues Humanizing Space: Mars as Planet B, Outside the Earth’s Jurisdiction Mars as a Planet B: Ethical, Societal, and Political Concerns Take-Home Message References Mars in Science Fiction and Our Perceptions of the Red Planet / Julie Nekola Nováková, Fabrice Carré, David Dunér, et al. Red Planet of Our Imagination Mars SF in Outreach and Education Sandbox for the Future “Into the Future We Go, To-Morrow Is the Eventful Thing for Us” Take-Home Message References Conclusion: Horizons of Red and Green / Michel Viso, Muriel Gargaud, Kirsi Lehto, and Cyprien Verseux Index