Mills A. How Arguments Work.A Guide to Writing and Analyzing Texts..College 2024
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Mills A. How Arguments Work.A Guide to Writing and Analyzing Texts..College 2024
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Textbook in PDF format
How Arguments Work takes students through the techniques they will need to respond to readings and make sophisticated arguments in any college class. This is a practical guide to argumentation with strategies and templates for the kinds of assignments students will commonly encounter. It covers rhetorical concepts in everyday language and explores how arguments can build trust and move readers.
Introduction
Why Study Argument?
A Closer Look at Fast and Slow Thinking
What This Book Offers
Reading to Figure out the Argument
Overview - Reading to Write
Types of Claims to Look out for
Making Notes on the Writer’s Claims
Deciding Which Is the Main Claim
Finding the Reasons
Finding the Counterarguments
Finding the Responses to the Counterarguments
Finding the Limits on the Argument
Common Argument Phrases
Writing a Summary of Another Writer’s Argument
What Is a Summary?
Introducing the Argument and the Main Claim
Describing the Reasoning
Describing How the Author Treats Counterarguments
Describing How the Author Limits the Claim
Putting the Summary Together
Writing a Short Summary of a Long Argument
Sample Summaries
Sample Summary- "Spread Feminism, Not Germs"
Sample Summary- "Typography and Identity"
Comparing and Contrasting Arguments
A Sample Compare-and-Contrast Essay
Annotated Compare-and-Contrast Essay
Common Summary Phrases
Assessing the Strength of an Argument (Logos)
Use a Summary to Launch an Opinion
Check If the Meaning Is Clear
Look for Exceptions
Decide How Strong the Evidence Is
Check the Argument's Assumptions
Check How Well the Argument Addresses Counterarguments
Reflect on an Argument’s Strengths
Come up with an Overall Assessment
Fallacies List
Common Assessment Phrases
Sample Assessment Essays
Responding to an Argument
The Beauty of Response Writing
“Maybe. We need to know_______”- Call for More Information
“Yes, if…”- Suggest a way to limit the argument
“Yes, and…”- Suggest a way to add to the argument
“Instead, I would argue _______”- Suggest a change to the argument
Common Response Phrases
Sample Response Essays
Brainstorming Tool for Response Writing
The Research Process
The Ultimate Tool for Thinking and Sharing Our Thoughts
Approaching a Research Paper Assignment
Choosing a Focused Topic
Find the Conversation That Interests You
Types of Sources
Getting Familiar with Academic Journal Articles
Searching Databases of Academic Journal Articles
Strategies for Each Phase of the Research Process
Creating an Annotated Bibliography
MLA Essay Format
MLA In-Text Citations
MLA Works Cited Pages
Forming a Research-Based Argument
Deciding the Purpose of a Research-Based Argument
Tailoring an Argument to an Audience
Definition Arguments
Evaluation Arguments
Causal Arguments
Proposal Arguments
How Arguments Appeal to Emotion (Pathos)
The Place of Emotion in Argument
Word Choice and Connotation
Powerful Examples
Tone
Varying the Emotions
Fitting the Emotions to the Audience
Legitimate and Illegitimate Emotional Appeals
How Arguments Establish Trust and Connection (Ethos)
An Argument Implies a Relationship
Authority
Distance and Intimacy
Shared Sense of Identity
Respect and Goodwill
Moral Character
Combining Different Approaches to Trust and Connection
Reaching a Hostile Audience (Rogerian Argument)
Faulty Appeals to Trust
Writing Argument Analysis
How Argument Analysis Essays are Structured
Analyzing an Argument's Situation (Kairos, or the Rhetorical Situation)
Generating Ideas for an Argument Analysis Paper
Reviewing an Argument Analysis Essay
A Brief Sample Argument Analysis
A Longer Sample Argument Analysis
Analyzing Visual Arguments
A Sample Visual Argument Analysis
The Writing Process
An Overview of the Writing Process
Annotation
Brainstorming
Outlining
Drafting
Revision
Giving and Receiving Feedback
Essay Organization
Developing a Thesis Statement
Topic Sentences
Showing How a New Idea Fits in (Transitions)
Referring Back to Make the Connection (Cohesion)
Developing Paragraphs
Quoting and Paraphrasing
Introductions
Conclusions
Correcting Grammar and Punctuation
Why Spend Time on "Correct" Standard English?
Proofreading Strategies
Subject-Verb Agreement
Fragments
Run-on Sentences
Verb Tense
Pronoun Agreement
Word Choice
Prepositions
Articles with Count and Noncount Nouns
Capitalization
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Parallelism
Using Quotation Marks
Fitting a Quotation into a Sentence
Commas
Semicolons and Colons
Apostrophes
Dashes
Hyphens
Parentheses
Additional Resources on Grammar and Mechanics
Style-Shaping Our Sentences
What Defines Good Style in Academic Writing?
Keeping It Concise
Making Sentences Clear
Giving the Reader Pleasure
Understanding Convoluted Sentences
Sentence Variety
Teacher's Guide
Teaching for Equity with How Arguments Work
Quizzes, Essay Assignments, and Other Ancillary Materials
Sample Student Essays
Slide Presentations
Course Maps
Sample Lesson Plans
Suggested Short Readings
Suggested Free Online Books
Template Phrases for Argument, Summary, Assessment, and Response
Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs)
Alignment with Statewide Course Outlines
Share Feedback and Teaching Strategies
Artificial Intelligence and College Writing (Under Construction)
Template Phrases for Reflecting on AI Feedback
Template Phrases for Critiquing AI Outputs
Acknowledging and Citing Generative AI in Academic Work
AI Copies Patterns; It Doesn’t Think (Draft)
Don't Trust AI to Cite Its Sources
Student Essay Critiquing a New York Times Article on the Dangers of AI
Index
Glossary