Ghosh S. Citrus Fruits 2016

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Ghosh S. Citrus Fruits 2016

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Textbook in PDF format The Directorate of Information and Publications of Agriculture (DIPA) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has planned to bring out a series of publications under its new ‘Agri-Popular Series’ initiatives. The competent authorities of ICAR have requested the undersigned to write a book on ‘Citrus Fruits’, under this popular series. Presumably such publications are aimed for addressing the long felt demand of extension workers, developmental agencies, farmers and agrientrepreneurs. It is indeed a laudable initiative of the ICAR. I am thankful to the Secretary, DARE and Director-General, ICAR, for giving me the opportunity to write the book on citrus. Citrus fruits as a group are the third most important fruit crops in India. At the global level also citrus production and consumption witnessed a strong growth since mid-1980s, when productions of mandarin orange, sweet orange and acid limes, and lemons have expanded very rapidly. Citrus as fresh fruit and citrus juices as refreshing beverage have large demand globally. Recent estimates show that India has already crossed the 5 million tonnes production mark in 2005. The R&D programmes in citriculture have received good support and thanks to the efforts of research groups in ICAR institutions and SAUs, very useful technologies have been generated. In this book, proven technologies have largely been compiled for the end-users. The book has 10 broad chapters, with major focus on genetic resources, production and post-production technologies, management of citrus decline, valueaddition and marketing of produce, export promotion, R&D and credit support, and on future developmental approach for marking a sound citrus industry in the country. In this book, published information has been freely used. Some information has been collected from electronic media/website, the sources of which have duly been acknowledged. I would like to record my special thanks to the Director and Scientists of the National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur, for providing required technical information and photographs. I hope that the information contained in this publication will benefit the citrus growers, citrus processors, various developmental agencies and other stakeholders involved in the promotion of the Citrus Industry in India. Citrus Industry in India Citrus Fruits and Uses Global Production and Indian Scenario Citrus Cultivation and Production Problems in India New Thrusts in Indian Citrus Industry Genetic Resources of Citrus Indigenous Germplasm Germplasm Conservation Some Useful Characteristics of Local Germplasm Major Citrus Species of Horticultural Importance Basics of Citriculture and Production Technology Soil and Climate Site Selection Propagation Planting Irrigation Nutrition and Fertilization Intercropping Pest and Disease Management Development of Extension Package for Citrus Management of Citrus Decline in India Citrus Decline Symptoms Research on Citrus Decline in India Citrus Decline Management Rejuvenation of Declined Citrus Orchards Post-harvest Management of Citrus Orchard Health and Pre-harvest Practices Maturity Index and Fruit Development Periods Methods of Harvesting Degreening Machanized Handling of Fruits Packaging Control of Post-harvest Diseases Pre-cooling and Cool Storage of Citrus Fruits Low-cost Storage (Zero Energy Cool Chamber) Long Distance Transportation Citrus Fruits Citrus Processing and Value-added Products Processed Products from Sweet Group Citrus Processed Products from Acid Group Citrus Debittering of Citrus Juice Quality Assurance of Processed Products Marketing of Citrus Fruits Mandarin Orange Acid Lime Export of Citrus Fruits Present Status Quality Standards Pesticide Residue Limits Pre- and Post-harvest Management for Export Research, Training and Credit Support R&D Centres Training Facility Credit Support for Production Future Outlook and Developmental Approach Assumptions and Future Outlook Potential and Developmental Approach Mandarin Orange Sweet Orange Limes and Lemons References