Banich M. The Frontal Cortex. Organization, Networks, and Function 2024
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Banich M. The Frontal Cortex. Organization, Networks, and Function 2024
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An in-depth investigation of the structure, neuronal mechanisms, and computations of the frontal lobe that enable higher-level thought.
Experts from neurobiology, neuroanatomy, evolutionary biology, cognitive neuroscience, computational neuroscience, and clinical science examine how the neuronal structure of the frontal lobes enables unique aspects of higher-level thought. Implications for understanding disrupted function in neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as societal issues, such as volitional control of behavior and educational practice, are also considered.
List of Contributors
Preface
Introduction
Framework for Discussion
Moving Forward
A Cross-Species Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex Homology Based on Anatomical Connectivity, Behavior, and Cell Types
Abstract
Introduction
Comparative Connectivity
Optogenetic and Chemogenetic Manipulations In Rodents and Primates
Foraging Innovations, Prediction, and Primate Specialization of PFC
Cell Types in PFC
Laminar and Functional Patterns Among Cell Types
Stability and “Combinatorial Complexity” in PFC
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
The Two Prefrontal Streams
Abstract
Introduction
The Prelimbic Cortex As a Precursor of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Homology between Infralimbic Cortex and vmPFC
Conclusions
Evolutionary Perspectives
Abstract
Introduction
What Are the Major Regions and Circuits Observed across Species within PFC?
How Did the PFC Evolve and How Has This Evolution Led to Produce Higher-Order Cognition, Including Social Behavior and Language Elements in Humans?
What Are the Main Organizational Principles of PFC?
Mechanisms By Which Major Circuits Exert Control: Is There Anything Special about Neuronal Physiology of PFC?
What Unique Contributions Does Work with Optogenetics, Chemogenetics, Large-Scale Electrophysiology, and Calcium Imaging Contrib to Understanding PFC Function?
Utility of Animal Models
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Neurophysiology
Abstract
Introduction
Functional Localization from the View of Neuropsychology
Contrasting Neuron Responses in OFC and dlPFC
Reconciling Neuropsychology with Neurophysiology
Anatomical Organization of Prefrontal Circuitry
Evolutionary Origins and Ventrodorsal Trends
Population Coding and Dynamics
Summary and Open Questions
The Position of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Cortical Hierarchy
Abstract
Introduction
Prefrontal Specializations
Prefrontal Intrinsic Organization
Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
What Is the Nature of the Hierarchical Organization of Lateral Prefrontal Cortex?
Abstract
Introduction
Functional Hierarchy in Rostro-Caudal Lateral PFC
Hierarchical Interactions Within the RostroCaudal Organization of lPFC
Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
Functional Fractionation and Integration
Abstract
General Introduction
Anatomical Subdivisions in the Frontal Cortex
If There Is Functional Fractionation of the Frontal Lobes, What Would It Look Like?
Evidence for Functional Fractionation of the Frontal Lobe in Primates
What Are the Organizational Principles of the Frontal Lobe?
How Do the Frontal Lobes Influence Behavior?
What Are the Key Knowledge Gaps?
How the Brain Creates Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions
Abstract
Introduction
Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions
The Multiple Demand System: Anatomy and Function
Common EF Versus Spearman’s g
Conclusions and Future Directions: Beyond Classical Functional Localization
Computational Models of Prefrontal Cortex
Abstract
Introduction
Neural Network Models of PFC Operations
Computational Cognitive Models of PFC Function
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
What Do Network Approaches Add to Our Understanding of Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Function?
Abstract
Introduction
What Do Network Approaches Add to Our Understanding of the Frontal Lobe?
Challenges and New Frontiers for LargeScale Networks of the Frontal Lobe
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Appendix 11.1: Measuring Large-Scale Brain Networks with Resting-State fMRI
Integrative Psychological, Computational, and Mechanistic Approaches to Frontal Lobe Function
Abstract
What Adaptive Functions Does Prefrontal Cortex Serve?
Existing Approaches to Divide the Space of PFC Function
What Are the Unifying Features of PFC Function?
Computational Modeling in Interplay with Experimentation
Experimental Approaches: Limitations, Opportunities, and Future Directions
Conclusions and Open Questions
Pharmacological Modulation of Prefrontal Cortex in Affective Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Prefrontal Dysregulation in Depression
Neurochemical Targets for Antidepressants
Neurochemical Signatures of Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortices
Monoamine-Targeting Anxiolytics and Antidepressants
The Rapidly Acting Antidepressant, Ketamine
Mu Opioid Receptor Signaling As a Therapeutic Target
Psychedelic Compounds
Current Limitations and Future Strategies
Cognitive Interventions Targeting Executive Functions
Abstract
The Malleability of Executive Functions
Neural Correlates of Executive Function Training: Getting at Underlying Mechanisms
Executive Function Training in Populations With EF Deficits
Conclusions, Outstanding Questions, and Implications
Neurosurgery for Intractable Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Abstract
Introduction
Frontostriatal Loops and the Psychopathology of OCD
How Has Invasive Neurosurgery for OCD Contributed to Our Understanding of the PFC?
Cingulotomy
Anterior Capsulotomy
Translating Prefrontal Cortex Insights to the Clinic and Society
Abstract
The Challenge of Disorders of the Prefrontal Cortex
Mapping Syndromes and Symptoms to Processes and Etiology
Comorbidity
Gradients across Prefrontal Cortex in Health and Disease
Animal Models Related to Human Disorders
Improved Targeting of Treatments, with Combinations and Prediction
Prefrontal Cortex and Society
Conclusion
Pathways Forward Toward an Understanding of Frontal Lobe Function
Animal Models: Utility, Limitations, and Future Potential
How Does Connectivity of Frontal Regions Enable Its Functions?
Social Processing, Higher-Order Cognitive Skills, and Development
Summarizing Statement
Bibliography
Subject Index