Rezaei N. Cancer Diagnosis. Tumor Immunodiagnostic Tests 2025

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The rapid flow of studies in the field of cancer and immunology during the last decades has increased our understanding of the interactions between the immune system and cancerous cells. In particular, it has been well-known that such interactions result in the induction of epigenetic changes in cancerous cells and the selection of less immunogenic clones as well as alterations in immune responses. Understanding the crosstalk between nascent transformed cells and cells of the immune system has led to the development of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies to combat cancer